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Glossary
   
Anestrus
The lack or absence of sexual receptivity and fertility in the mare usually occurring in the non-breeding season.


Conception
The process of becoming pregnant involving fertilization or implantation or both.

Embryo transfer
A simple procedure that involves removing an embryo from the uterus of a mare and transferring it to the uterus of a surrogate mare. An embryo can also be transferred after its development outside the mare by a procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The objective of embryo transfer is to facilitate conception following fertilization.

Equids
Any of various mammals of the family Equid, having a single hoofed digit on each foot, and including the horses, asses, and zebras.

Estrus
A recurring period of sexual receptivity and fertility in the mare, also known as heat.

Fertilized A sperm introduced into an egg to develop a new individual under natural conditions or in a petri dish under laboratory conditions.



Follicle
A vesicle in the mammalian ovary that contains a developing egg surrounded by a covering of cells.



Follicle stimulating hormone
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes the formation of follicles that contain ova in a mare.

Hormonal imbalance
An imbalance of hormones that control reproduction in the horse which is usually caused by an increase or decrease in secretion of one or more hormones produced by the pituitary gland.

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
An in vitro fertilization procedure in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.

Lactational anestrus
The lack or absence of sexual receptivity and fertility in the mare during the time that the mare is lactating or giving milk to her foal.

Pre-ovulatory follicles (primary follicle)
An increase in size and maturation of the primary follicles and including proliferation and shape changes of follicular cells and maturation of the oocyte. These events occur right before rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte into the oviduct of the reproductive tract.




Recombinant hormones
Synthetic methods of producing hormones in the laboratory using molecular biology techniques.

Superovulate

To produce mature ova at an accelerated rate or in a large number at one time.

Theca granulosa cell tumor

Benign ovarian tumor originating in the granulosa cells, the solid mass of cells surrounding the preovulatory follicle.


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